Source code for ht.conv_jacket

'''Chemical Engineering Design Library (ChEDL). Utilities for process modeling.
Copyright (C) 2016, Caleb Bell <Caleb.Andrew.Bell@gmail.com>

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'''

from math import log, pi

from fluids.constants import g
from fluids.friction import friction_factor

__all__ = ['Lehrer', 'Stein_Schmidt']

[docs]def Lehrer(m, Dtank, Djacket, H, Dinlet, rho, Cp, k, mu, muw=None, isobaric_expansion=None, dT=None, inlettype='tangential', inletlocation='auto'): r'''Calculates average heat transfer coefficient for a jacket around a vessel according to [1]_ as described in [2]_. .. math:: Nu_{S,L} = \left[\frac{0.03Re_S^{0.75}Pr}{1 + \frac{1.74(Pr-1)} {Re_S^{0.125}}}\right]\left(\frac{\mu}{\mu_w}\right)^{0.14} .. math:: d_g = \left(\frac{8}{3}\right)^{0.5}\delta .. math:: v_h = (v_Sv_{inlet})^{0.5} + v_A .. math:: v_{inlet} = \frac{Q}{\frac{\pi}{4}d_{inlet}^2} .. math:: v_s = \frac{Q}{\frac{\pi}{4}(D_{jacket}^2 - D_{tank}^2)} For Radial inlets: .. math:: v_A = 0.5(2g H \beta\delta \Delta T)^{0.5} For Tangential inlets: .. math:: v_A = 0 Parameters ---------- m : float Mass flow rate of fluid, [kg/s] Dtank : float Outer diameter of tank or vessel surrounded by jacket, [m] Djacket : float Inner diameter of jacket surrounding a vessel or tank, [m] H : float Height of the vessel or tank, [m] Dinlet : float Inner diameter of inlet into the jacket, [m] rho : float Density of the fluid at Tm [kg/m^3] Cp : float Heat capacity of fluid at Tm [J/kg/K] k : float Thermal conductivity of fluid at Tm [W/m/K] mu : float Viscosity of fluid at Tm [Pa*s] muw : float, optional Viscosity of fluid at Tw [Pa*s] isobaric_expansion : float, optional Constant pressure expansivity of a fluid, [m^3/mol/K] dT : float, optional Temperature difference of fluid in jacket, [K] inlettype : str, optional Either 'tangential' or 'radial' inletlocation : str, optional Either 'top' or 'bottom' or 'auto' Returns ------- h : float Average heat transfer coefficient inside the jacket [W/m^2/K] Notes ----- If the fluid is heated and enters from the bottom, natural convection assists the heat transfer and the Grashof term is added; if it were to enter from the top, it would be subtracted. The situation is reversed if entry is from the top. Examples -------- Example as in [2]_, matches completely. >>> Lehrer(m=2.5, Dtank=0.6, Djacket=0.65, H=0.6, Dinlet=0.025, dT=20., ... rho=995.7, Cp=4178.1, k=0.615, mu=798E-6, muw=355E-6) 2922.128124761829 Examples similar to in [2]_ but covering the other case: >>> Lehrer(m=2.5, Dtank=0.6, Djacket=0.65, H=0.6, Dinlet=0.025, dT=20., ... rho=995.7, Cp=4178.1, k=0.615, mu=798E-6, muw=355E-6, ... inlettype='radial', isobaric_expansion=0.000303) 3269.4389632666557 References ---------- .. [1] Lehrer, Isaac H. "Jacket-Side Nusselt Number." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development 9, no. 4 (October 1, 1970): 553-58. doi:10.1021/i260036a010. .. [2] Gesellschaft, V. D. I., ed. VDI Heat Atlas. 2nd edition. Berlin; New York:: Springer, 2010. ''' delta = (Djacket-Dtank)/2. Q = m/rho Pr = Cp*mu/k vs = Q/H/delta vo = Q/(pi/4*Dinlet**2) if dT is not None and isobaric_expansion is not None and inlettype == 'radial' and inletlocation is not None: if dT > 0: # Heating jacket fluid if inletlocation == 'auto' or inletlocation == 'bottom': va = 0.5*(2*g*H*isobaric_expansion*abs(dT))**0.5 else: va = -0.5*(2*g*H*isobaric_expansion*abs(dT))**0.5 else: # cooling fluid if inletlocation == 'auto' or inletlocation == 'top': va = 0.5*(2*g*H*isobaric_expansion*abs(dT))**0.5 else: va = -0.5*(2*g*H*isobaric_expansion*abs(dT))**0.5 else: va = 0 vh = (vs*vo)**0.5 + va dg = (8/3.)**0.5*delta Res = vh*dg*rho/mu if muw is not None: NuSL = (0.03*Res**0.75*Pr)/(1 + 1.74*(Pr-1)/Res**0.125)*(mu/muw)**0.14 else: NuSL = (0.03*Res**0.75*Pr)/(1 + 1.74*(Pr-1)/Res**0.125) return NuSL*k/dg
[docs]def Stein_Schmidt(m, Dtank, Djacket, H, Dinlet, rho, Cp, k, mu, muw=None, rhow=None, inlettype='tangential', inletlocation='auto', roughness=0.0): r'''Calculates average heat transfer coefficient for a jacket around a vessel according to [1]_ as described in [2]_. .. math:: l_{ch} = \left[\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)^2 D_{tank}^2+H^2\right]^{0.5} .. math:: d_{ch} = 2\delta .. math:: Re_j = \frac{v_{ch}d_{ch}\rho}{\mu} .. math:: Gr_J = \frac{g\rho(\rho-\rho_w)d_{ch}^3}{\mu^2} .. math:: Re_{J,eq} = \left[Re_J^2\pm \left(\frac{|Gr_J|\frac{H}{d_{ch}}}{50} \right)\right]^{0.5} .. math:: Nu_J = (Nu_A^3 + Nu_B^3 + Nu_C^3 + Nu_D^3)^{1/3}\left(\frac{\mu} {\mu_w}\right)^{0.14} .. math:: Nu_J = \frac{h d_{ch}}{k} .. math:: Nu_A = 3.66 .. math:: Nu_B = 1.62 Pr^{1/3}Re_{J,eq}^{1/3}\left(\frac{d_{ch}}{l_{ch}} \right)^{1/3} .. math:: Nu_C = 0.664Pr^{1/3}(Re_{J,eq}\frac{d_{ch}}{l_{ch}})^{0.5} .. math:: \text{if } Re_{J,eq} < 2300: Nu_D = 0 .. math:: Nu_D = 0.0115Pr^{1/3}Re_{J,eq}^{0.9}\left(1 - \left(\frac{2300} {Re_{J,eq}}\right)^{2.5}\right)\left(1 + \left(\frac{d_{ch}}{l_{ch}} \right)^{2/3}\right) For Radial inlets: .. math:: v_{ch} = v_{Mit}\left(\frac{\ln\frac{b_{Mit}}{b_{Ein}}}{1 - \frac{b_{Ein}}{b_{Mit}}}\right) .. math:: b_{Ein} = \frac{\pi}{8}\frac{D_{inlet}^2}{\delta} .. math:: b_{Mit} = \frac{\pi}{2}D_{tank}\sqrt{1 + \frac{\pi^2}{4}\frac {D_{tank}^2}{H^2}} .. math:: v_{Mit} = \frac{Q}{2\delta b_{Mit}} For Tangential inlets: .. math:: v_{ch} = (v_x^2 + v_z^2)^{0.5} .. math:: v_x = v_{inlet}\left(\frac{\ln[1 + \frac{f_d D_{tank}H}{D_{inlet}^2} \frac{v_x(0)}{v_{inlet}}]}{\frac{f_d D_{tank}H}{D_{inlet}^2}}\right) .. math:: v_x(0) = K_3 + (K_3^2 + K_4)^{0.5} .. math:: K_3 = \frac{v_{inlet}}{4} -\frac{D_{inlet}^2v_{inlet}}{4f_d D_{tank}H} .. math:: K_4 = \frac{D_{inlet}^2v_{inlet}^2}{2f_d D_{tank} H} .. math:: v_z = \frac{Q}{\pi D_{tank}\delta} .. math:: v_{inlet} = \frac{Q}{\frac{\pi}{4}D_{inlet}^2} Parameters ---------- m : float Mass flow rate of fluid, [kg/m^3] Dtank : float Outer diameter of tank or vessel surrounded by jacket, [m] Djacket : float Inner diameter of jacket surrounding a vessel or tank, [m] H : float Height of the vessel or tank, [m] Dinlet : float Inner diameter of inlet into the jacket, [m] rho : float Density of the fluid at Tm [kg/m^3] Cp : float Heat capacity of fluid at Tm [J/kg/K] k : float Thermal conductivity of fluid at Tm [W/m/K] mu : float Viscosity of fluid at Tm [Pa*s] muw : float, optional Viscosity of fluid at Tw [Pa*s] rhow : float, optional Density of the fluid at Tw [kg/m^3] inlettype : str, optional Either 'tangential' or 'radial' inletlocation : str, optional Either 'top' or 'bottom' or 'auto' roughness : float, optional Roughness of the tank walls [m] Returns ------- h : float Average transfer coefficient inside the jacket [W/m^2/K] Notes ----- [1]_ is in German and has not been reviewed. Multiple other formulations are considered in [1]_. If the fluid is heated and enters from the bottom, natural convection assists the heat transfer and the Grashof term is added; if it were to enter from the top, it would be subtracted. The situation is reversed if entry is from the top. Examples -------- Example as in [2]_, matches in all but friction factor: >>> Stein_Schmidt(m=2.5, Dtank=0.6, Djacket=0.65, H=0.6, Dinlet=0.025, ... rho=995.7, Cp=4178.1, k=0.615, mu=798E-6, muw=355E-6, rhow=971.8) 5695.2041698088615 References ---------- .. [1] Stein, Prof Dr-Ing Werner Alexander, and Dipl-Ing (FH) Wolfgang Schmidt. "Wärmeübergang auf der Wärmeträgerseite eines Rührbehälters mit einem einfachen Mantel." Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 59, no. 5 (May 1993): 73-90. doi:10.1007/BF02561203. .. [2] Gesellschaft, V. D. I., ed. VDI Heat Atlas. 2nd edition. Berlin; New York:: Springer, 2010. ''' delta = (Djacket-Dtank)/2. Q = m/rho Pr = Cp*mu/k lch = (pi**2/4*Dtank**2 + H**2)**0.5 dch = 2*delta if inlettype == 'radial': bEin = pi/8*Dinlet**2/delta bMit = pi/2*Dtank*(1 + pi**2/4*Dtank**2/H**2)**0.5 vMit = Q/(2*delta*bMit) vch = vMit*log(bMit/bEin)/(1 - bEin/bMit) ReJ = vch*dch*rho/mu elif inlettype == 'tangential': f = friction_factor(1E5, roughness/dch) for run in range(5): vinlet = Q/(pi/4*Dinlet**2) vz = Q/(pi*Dtank*delta) K4 = Dinlet**2*vinlet**2/(2*f*Dtank*H) K3 = vinlet/4. - Dinlet**2*vinlet/(4*f*Dtank*H) vx0 = K3 + (K3**2 + K4)**0.5 vx = vinlet*log(1 + f*Dtank*H/Dinlet**2*vx0/vinlet)/(f*Dtank*H/Dinlet**2) vch = (vx**2 + vz**2)**0.5 ReJ = vch*dch*rho/mu f = friction_factor(ReJ, roughness/dch) if inletlocation and rhow: GrJ = g*rho*(rho-rhow)*dch**3/mu**2 if rhow < rho: # Heating jacket fluid if inletlocation == 'auto' or inletlocation == 'bottom': ReJeq = (ReJ**2 + GrJ*H/dch/50.)**0.5 else: ReJeq = (ReJ**2 - GrJ*H/dch/50.)**0.5 else: # Cooling jacket fluid if inletlocation == 'auto' or inletlocation == 'top': ReJeq = (ReJ**2 + GrJ*H/dch/50.)**0.5 else: ReJeq = (ReJ**2 - GrJ*H/dch/50.)**0.5 else: ReJeq = (ReJ**2)**0.5 NuA = 3.66 NuB = 1.62*Pr**(1/3.)*ReJeq**(1/3.)*(dch/lch)**(1/3.) NuC = 0.664*Pr**(1/3.)*(ReJeq*dch/lch)**0.5 if ReJeq < 2300: NuD = 0 else: NuD = 0.0115*Pr**(1/3.)*ReJeq**0.9*(1 - (2300./ReJeq)**2.5)*(1 + (dch/lch)**(2/3.)) if muw: NuJ = (NuA**3 + NuB**3 + NuC**3 + NuD**3)**(1/3.)*(mu/muw)**0.14 else: NuJ = (NuA**3 + NuB**3 + NuC**3 + NuD**3)**(1/3.) return NuJ*k/dch